When talking about graphene, we need to initially discuss the natural mineral graphite that is extensively existing in our day-to-day live.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a layered material, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are set up layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the same layer “hold hands” and are very closely connected, yet the combination of carbon atoms in between different layers hangs, like a pile of playing cards. With a mild press, the cards will glide apart.

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From the point of view of chemical structure, graphite is a transitional crystal in between atomic crystals, metal crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the same layer form covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is attached to 3 other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms create a regular hexagonal ring on the very same plane, extending to form a sheet framework.

If graphite is a pile of playing cards, then graphene is among the cards in this pile of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional product composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite consists of regarding 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to remove a solitary layer structure.

More than twenty years earlier, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, researchers at the College of Manchester in the UK, believed that there must be a way to obtain a solitary layer of graphite.

How can a single layer of graphite be peeled? Researchers took a really “basic and unrefined” method – sticking it with tape.

“Similar to when we create a typo on paper, we will stick the typo with tape.” Based upon this, researchers boldly link that if tape can stay with the surface of paper, can it likewise adhere to layers of graphite?

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In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and tore off the tape, the graphite sheet was split into 2. Although the thickness of graphite right now is still much from that of a solitary layer of graphite, scientists have actually confirmed the feasibility of this technique – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding using this “mechanical exfoliation approach” to duplicate the procedure, they finally acquired a thin sheet including only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nonetheless, this approach of repeatedly scrubing graphite sheets with tape to obtain graphene has reduced manufacturing efficiency and can only be made use of to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later on, with the renovation of clinical and technological degrees, the preparation method of graphene has additionally made terrific progression. Currently, along with this traditional physical and mechanical peeling method, there are additionally numerous approaches for preparing graphene, such as redox technique, solvent peeling technique, chemical vapor deposition, and so on

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